Methods of psychology notes Contents. Pilot studies are a sort of 'dress rehearsal' of the procedure. This document provides an overview of key concepts in psychology research methods. Notes on Psychology and Sociology available. As specialized branch of [] Systematic sampling. This adapted edition is produced by the University of Minnesota Libraries Publishing through the eLearning Support Initiative. txt) or read online for free. While there are several note-taking methods available, it's important to find the one that works best for you and your learning style. For questions about this textbook please contact textbookuse@umn. References to their number have been made in the appropriate location. Degree • Grade Sixth Form (A Levels) • A2 - A Level. 2. Research Methods: Scientific Method & Techniques. CIE A-Level Psychology. The sign test is a method used in interferential statistics to determine whether or not an observed result (from a statistical test) is significant . Qualitative research is exploratory and inductive . It is a non-parametric test which means that there is no assumption that the data will follow a normal distribution. The Three Orders Class 11 history Notes. For more information on such informative topics for your school, visit our school education page and follow Leverage Edu . John D. The case study method in psychology is used when a psychologist takes detailed notes on one person’s behavior. 1 Introduction 1. thoughts and feelings expressed in a diary or journal. It is known as the Sign Test as it is based on the number of plus or Chapter 1: Cognitive Psychology: HistoryChapter 1: Cognitive Psychology, Methods, and Paradigms 3 You’re walking along a dark, unfamiliar city street. In this studymat, you’ll find detailed Notes from Psychology Class 11 Chapter 2. e. Intuition - relying on our guts, our emotions, and/or our instincts to guide us. This integrates psychology, neuroscience, and physiology to find out how structures in the brain, neurotransmitters, and physiological processes influence thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. 3% of the A Level. With The following points highlight the top six methods of educational psychology. Survey Method. psychopathology. Research Methods. Observational Method. to understand how people feel about issues such as immigration, social media, the cost of living etc. 1. Milgram (falsely) informed his participants that they were taking part in a study on punishment and learning rather than on their own destructive obedience. Get ready for your AQA A Level Psychology exams with our revision resources. g. A-Level AQA Psychology Research Methods Revision Notes Research Methods revision notes, study carefully curated revision materials, broken down into focused topics. 7 Methods of Research in Psychology 1. Gabrieli notes Lecture Notes. 2 Definition of Psychology 1. Objectives 5. psychology week eight notes when it comes to research, population can be defined as the entire set of individuals that you are interested in, also known as the. Explore the fascinating realm of psychology with our A-Level Psychology revision notes. Use these AP Psychology study notes to review what you’ve Chapter 1 Reading Notes. 1 and 2 RESEARCH METHODS IN PSYCHOLOGY This section covers: How to think scientifically Methods of conducting research Ethical concerns in research Reminders for next class: Sign-up for research presentation THIN Psychology document from University of Toronto, 3 pages, Psychology Reading Notes Chapter : Early · 2 - The Measure of Mind : Methods of Psychology in history y. An assumption about behavior tested through scientific research. This is designed to clarify your understanding and help you excel in your Class 11 Psychology Semester 1 Exam. They are conducted before Case studies, surveys, naturalistic observation, and laboratory observation are examples of descriptive or correlational research methods. 7. Next. Improving validity. Observers can only investigate observable behaviours i. Learn how to study A-Level AQA Psychology . Paper 1 is worth a total of 96 marks. Chapter 1 Notes The Methods for Studying Child Development Scientific Method:-An approach to testing beliefs that involves: -Choosing a question to be answered -Formulating a hypothesis regarding the question -Developing a method for testing the hypothesis -Using data yielded by the method to draw conclusions regarding the hypothesis Questionnaires. Next is a brief overview of the major methods, issues, and content areas of cognitive psychology. Naturalistic & controlled observation. Home. Research Methods: Concerns. 1 Descriptive Method 1. Research Methodology. Teachers and examiners write all our resources, and they’re designed specifically for each exam board. Psychology document from North Carolina State University, 26 pages, OVERVIEW AND RESEARCH METHODS Chs. a focus group interview on the impact of social media on body image. Different Note-taking Methods for Psychology Students. Simply reading textbooks often isn't enough to solidify knowledge. The aim identifies the purpose of the research. Types of psychological studies (including experiments, observations, self-reporting, Harris Cooper, PhD, Professor and Chair, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC ASSOCIATE EDITORS Paul M. The population is sampled within each category proportional to the overall figure - if the whole population has 18% of Industrial and Organisational Psychology; Research Methods in Psychology; Statistics in Psychology; Contact; Comprehensive topic wise Psychology Notes for All Subjects. Nature 4. These are: Introductory topics; Psychology in context; Issues and options in psychology; Note: AS level topics are in bold, whereas A level topics are not. It is a straightforward expression of what the researcher will attempt to find out by conducting an investigation. Regularly revise these exam notes as these will help you to cover all important topics in 11th Psychology. edu NIOS Class 10 Psychology Chapter 2 Methods of Psychology Solutions to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse throughout different chapters NIOS Class 10 Psychology Chapter 2 Methods of Psychology Notes and select need one. Ch. Method # 1. A-Level Research Methods questions and answers. feelings, attitudes/ideas/beliefs discussed in an interview a painting created to express inner turmoil/conflict/anxiety. Pilot studies are small-scale trials that are run to test some or all aspects of the proposed investigation. 3 RESEARCH METHODS IN COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY This consists of the various research methods that we use in cognitive psychology. B. 257 Daniel B. PMT Courses is looking for tutors to teach their Easter Crash Courses. Control 6. Engage with your material, test your understanding, and retain information in a smarter, more effective way. The researcher has less control over what happens as part of the experimental process due to the use of a real-world location. Research Methods (AQA AS Psychology). Camic, PhD, Professor of Psychology and Research Director, Department of Applied Psychology, Canterbury Christ Church University, Tunbridge Wells, England SOME IMPORTANT METHODS IN PSYCHOLOGY . o Field Notes Many issues present themselves with reference to the use of field notes. Social Approach. aashi sharma. SUMMARIZED NOTES ON METHODOLOGY CIE AS-LEVEL PSYCHOLOGY 9990 ZNOTES // A-LEVEL SERIES Research Methods 6 CHAPTER 2 Ethical Guidelines 7 CHAPTER 3 Issues and Debates 9 CHAPTER 4 Tables1 1 Large tables have been moved to the end of the document. The entire issues and options Deception. Proper sampling ensures representative, generalizable, and valid This resource contains information related to introduction to the science of psychology: history and research methods. Paper 1 is made up of four sections. Prev Article Next Article . If the same result is found per participant then external reliability is established Download field methods in psychology (chapter 1 notes) and more Psychology Summaries in PDF only on Docsity! Chapter I The Science of Psychology 1. A paradigm is a set of shared assumptions and methods within a particular discipline which distinguishes science from non‐science (Kuhn 1962). As a psychology student, taking effective notes is crucial to your success in class and on exams. Research Methods - A-Level Psychology notes . Mixed Methods Research in Psychology . The paper's duration is 2 hours. although psychologists use different methods and study different behaviors Psychology class notes for Research Methods and Experimental Psychology. METHODS OF PSYCHOLOGY. Uploaded by: Anonymous Student. Use the PEEEL method (Point, Evidence, Explain, Evaluate, Link) to analyze and Brain II: Methods of Research Discussion: Brain Vision I Vision II Conclusions: Evolutionary Psychology, Happiness Exam 3 Course Info Instructor Prof. Meaning of Educational Psychology 2. adheres claims imply its By using the NCERT Class 11 Psychology Notes PDF students can stay organised and do their study precisely, therefore, our team has bundled the NCERT Class 11 Psychology Notes in individual PDF files. Revision . Sometimes, to preserve the integrity/validity of ADVERTISEMENTS: Some of the methods are: 1. a doctor ignores a patient asking them a question. VCE Psychology - Research Methods Notes - Free download as Word Doc (. PapaCambridge provides Cambridge International AS and A Level Psychology (9990) Notes and Resources thereby leading to a better understanding of key approaches, research methods and issues and debates. The validity of lab experiments can be improved by:. Authority - involves accepting new ideas because some authority figure states that they are true. 233 Chapter˜12. Free resources for Psychology, including study notes, guides, videos and related courses/subjects. Think of all psychologists as scientists who study behavior. The Bases Of Human Behaviour Class 11 Notes Child Psychology Lecture Notes. docx), PDF File (. Generic selectors. Download Methods of Psychology UPSC Notes! Unit-Wise UGC NET Psychology Notes. August 8, 2019 at 3:54 pm Nice. What Is Psychology Class 11 Notes. Methods. It discusses that research must be grounded in theory to develop testable hypotheses about relationships between variables. Biological Approach. 3 Correlation Method 1. Research Issues, Controls & Pilot Studies. Qualitative research methods/techniques include Our Psychology Optional Mindmap Notes are the perfect solution for anyone looking to ace the subject. 6 Research in Psychology 1. Find everything you need to revise this topic, so you can go into your exam confident and prepared. Scope 6. 4 Relationship Between Theory & Methods Overview of Positivism, Interpretivism, and Realism Bring Your Notes to Life with the AI Quiz Generator. and summary notes. time sampling. Researchers therefore can choose a sampling procedure to help structure and organise the observation session using either (and sometimes both). age, gender, education etc. 1. Some of the primary subtopics dealt with here are research methods, developmental psychology, cognitive processes, scope of social psychology, and many more. Behaviour includes all of our outward or overt actions and reactions, such as verbal and facial expressions and movements. Milgram's (1963) study into obedience was originally intended to be a pilot study but in light of the findings it became the published study it is known today. In the updated AP exam, more emphasis is put on these methods than ever before. It is called a scientific study because psychologists also do various Research Methods (AQA A Level Psychology). Deception occurs in a study when the participants are informed of a false aim/task or when the researcher introduces fake elements to the procedure. Meaning of Educational Psychology: Educational psychology is one of the branches of psychology to study the behaviour of the learner in relation to his education. This document introduces several important methods used in psychology: introspection, observation, experimentation, survey methods, clinical methods, and case study. Specialist Option 1: Clinical Psychology (A Level) 7. Paper 1 represents 33. 1 Types of research: Descriptive, evaluative, diagnostic, and prognostic Sample Module Aims. 8 Comments shiveshramadass. E. It See more Psychology has various methodological ways or approaches to understand and explain psychological phenomena. Once the researcher has conducted their research and carried out a statistical test, the test produces an observed (or calculated) value, which is used to determine whether the Qualitative data. co_present Instructor Insights. pdf), Text File (. Social Influence. Chapter 2 • Methods of Enquiry in Psychology 19 Chapter 2 Methods of Enquiry in Psychologychologychology Methods of Enquiry in Psin Psin Psyyychologychologychology • explain the goals and natur e of psychological enquiry, • understand different types of data used by psychologists, • describe some important methods of psychological enquiry, Methods Of Enquiry In Psychology – CBSE Notes for Class 11 Psychology CBSE NotesCBSE Notes PsychologyNCERT Solutions Psychology • A Psychological research is conducted for the purpose of description, prediction, explanation, control of behaviour and application of knowledge generated in an objective manner. Through this summary of the chapter, students can understand everything about Methods Of Enquiry In Psychology and can remove uncertainty. 5 Subfields of Psychology 1. Qualitative data is data in the form of words or images e. Psychological Experiment 4. Major Elective Courses. Psychology, we have observed before is a systematic and scientific study of human behaviour. We will be studying about some of these approaches. 5. White, Editors-in-Chief APA Handbook of Psychopathology two volumes James N. It Psychology Major Courses Notes EP: 101 Cognitive Psychology EP: 102 Psychological Testing: Theory & Applications EP: 103 Experimental Psychology: Practical EP: 104 Research Methodology EP: 105 Statistics Methods. Summary Research Methods in Psychology Introduction Next Psychologists do more than just wonder about human behavior: they conduct research to understand exactly why people think, feel, and behave the way they do. . School High School - United Kingdom. Know the five major methods of psychology. A questionnaire is a type of self-report which involves participants answering a range of questions designed to collect their thoughts, feelings, attitudes, attributes and opinions Questionnaires may be used. Rationalism - Use of statistical tables & the critical value. Data Research Methods in Psychology_lo and Lecture Notes - Free download as Word Doc (. Guetterman and Analay Perez Chapter˜13. First, no matter which methods you employ, you will need to Methods of physiological psychology explain the biological foundation of behavior. The Observational Method 3. Flashcards; Learn; Test; Match; Q-Chat; Get a hint. 8 Psychology Welcome to our comprehensive guide on “Quantitative and Qualitative Methods,” a key topic from the book of Psychology Class 11 Unit 2 of the West Bengal Board (WBCHSE). EP: 110 Sports Psychology EP: 111 Psychology of Sustainability. A field experiment is a research method which takes place in a natural setting, away from the lab. Let us see what are the goals of research. A-Level Psychology notes . CIE AS-LEVEL The following article will guide you with the different methods of Personality Assessment. to measure psychometric properties such as APA Handbook of the Psychology of Women two volumes Cheryl B. 4 Origin and Development of Psychology 1. Evans, Editor-in-Chief APA Handbook of Research Methods in Psychology, Second Edition three volumes Revision guide for AQA A-Level (7192) and AS-Level Sociology (7191), including straightforward study notes, independent study booklets, and past paper questions and answers. Subject. using single-blind or double-blind Personality testing is used across various fields, including clinical psychology, organizational psychology, education, and even legal settings. However, these methods do not enable researchers to determine causes of behavior. social influence. event sampling. Sampling methods: event sampling & time sampling. By removing confusions, students can score exciting grades in questions related to Methods Of Enquiry Sampling Type Description Strengths Limitations Stratified Small-scale reproduction of the target population, dividing and categorising the population by characteristics important to the research (strata), e. The Case Method 7. Section A: Social Influence Summary notes, videos, factsheets and past exam questions for AQA Psychology A-level Research Methods topic. grading Exams. Introspection 2. This is often used to understand rare The Psychology and Scientific Methods is an invaluable resource that delves deep into the core of the UPSC exam. doc / . 0 /0. Psychology is the scientific study of behaviour and mental processes. Observation Method 2. Observation Method: The basic method of psychology, as is the case with any science, is Full syllabus notes, lecture and questions for Methods of Enquiry in Psychology Class 11 Psychology - Humanities/Arts - Plus excerises question with solution to help you revise complete syllabus for Psychology Class 11 - Best notes, free PDF download ADVERTISEMENTS: In this article we will discuss about:- 1. The “Cases Within Trials” (CWT) Method: An Example of a Mixed-Methods Research Design . Categorised by topic and exam board, you can use these notes to set you on the path to exam success. NIOS Class 10 Psychology Chapter 2 Methods of Psychology Question Answers Download PDF. What is Psychology Class 11 Notes. The aim of a study takes the form of a general statement covering the topic/theory/concept that will be investigated . Sampling methods in psychology refer to strategies used to select a subset of individuals (a sample) from a larger population, to study and draw inferences about the entire population. this can be further strengthened by using a control group as a comparison to the experimental group. 999+ Documents. Concise resources for the AQA A Level Psychology course. people tried to understand natural phenomena by applying human characteristics to nature eg skies looking "angry" , lakes looking "calm" , spirits inh Hence, we hope that this blog summarizing Methods of Enquiry in Psychology notes helped you cover the key topics and concepts in this chapter of the Class 11 Syllabus. the researcher selects, for example, every 10th or 100th or 1000th on a register/database/roll depending on the size of both the population and the sample required. The AQA psychology A level assessment consists of 3 exam papers (2 for AS). Observation is a very powerful tool of psychological enquiry. 1 - Understanding Science - Psychology IS a science - All sciences have this in common: a general approach to understanding the natural world - Features of science - Systematic empiricism - Empirical questions - what is vs what ought to be - Creates public knowledge - Science is a social process - Pseudoscience - A. Below are links to A level psychology revision notes organised by module and topic. The following qualitative research methods could feature as the study scenario in Paper 3. Humanistic Psychology. Working Across Epistemologies, Methodologies, and Methods . It can be difficult to observe all behaviours at all times during an observation, especially if it is a continuous observation. Hypothesis. Mental processes refer to all the internal and covert activity of our mind such as thinking, feeling and remembering. Fishman Chapter 1. The aim outlines what is being studied and what the study is trying to achieve e. Common methods include random sampling, stratified sampling, cluster sampling, and convenience sampling. Introspection involves self-observation of one's own Research Methods in Psychology is adapted from a work produced by a publisher who has requested that they and the original author not receive attribution. with a 6-month gap between testing sessions) . cognitive versus biological) e. Aims, Hypotheses & Variables. Research Methods: Data. 0 Learning Objectives 1. Methods Of Enquiry In Psychology Class 11 Notes. ensuring that controlled conditions and a standardised procedure are in place so that the effects of the IV on the dependent variable (DV) can be observed. attachment. Psychology Major Courses Notes. Introducing Psychology Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behavior. Revision for AQA Psychology AS and A-Level Papers, including past papers, videos, and summary notes. Specialist Option 2: Consumer Psychology (A Level) AQA A-level Psychology syllabus notes, revision notes and model answers for the unit 2 Research Methods topic. Cognitive Approach. AI Flashcard Generator. 6. Fully updated for the summer 2023 term. Psychology. C. 3. followed by structured paragraphs presenting your arguments and evidence. Systematic sampling involves selecting every nth person from a list to make a sample e. Free Study Notes Physiology - Neuron Structure & Function Crash Course Slides Wednesday 1st, November Discussion & referencing Discussion. memory. The document summarizes the key characteristics of scientific psychological research. Find out more! Introduction to Psychology Lecture Notes 2018 Introduction to Psychology Page 1 Chapter One: INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Define psychology Goals of concepts or important figures in each of the described areas of psychology Define research Explain different methods of data Qualitative Research Methods. Saul Rosenzweig in Andrew’s book – “Methods of Psychology’. Created by a psychology instructor just for psychology students. Academic year: 2019/2020. Butcher, Editor-in-Chief APA Handbook of Psychopharmacology one volume Suzette M. The Testing Methods. Completed Notes. An observation is a non-experimental method which involves observing and recording behaviours in either naturalistic or controlled settings. Research methods are how psychologists and scientists come up with and test their theories. 7 Important Methods in Psychology With Examples. 1 Methods of Knowing A. Pilot studies. For a discussion of various measuring techniques we can follow the plan adopted by Dr. Exact matches only Methods of Psychology are used to understand human behavior and the mind. The reliability of a questionnaire can be assessed using two methods: The test-retest method measures external reliability: . Study Notes Relationships: Physical Attractiveness Relationships: Evaluation of The Evolutionary Explanations of Relationships QB365 Offers Short notes, brief explanation, chapter summary, quick revision notes, mind maps, and formulas For Class 11th Psychology subject. EP: 201 An understanding of research methods is fundamental to psychology. Strengths Weaknesses High control over extraneous variables so it ensures any correlation between IV and DV is direct (increased internal validity). According to him methods of investigating and assessing personality can be divided into following categories: The observation method in psychology is when a psychologist observes the behavior of someone without interacting with them. 2 Experimental Method 1. The word “psychology” comes from the Greek words “psyche,” meaning life, and “logos,” meaning explanation. The Genetic or Developmental Method 6. ”. Every research has a goal and it is achieved through appropriate methodology. Using these methods, researchers can describe different events, experiences, or behaviors and look for links between them. Developmental psychology Forensic psychology Learning and memory Perception and cognition Personality and social psychology Research methods. Instead of just taking notes, transform your textbooks into interactive quizzes. Conformity. 7. a child hits a Bobo doll with a mallet. , colleagues or acquaintances) who Bring Your Notes to Life with the AI Quiz Generator. These study notes are curated by experts and cover all the essential topics and concepts, making your preparation more efficient and effective. Study materials, summarised revision notes, topical and year-based past papers on AS Level subjects. A-Level Paper 1. The same participants are given the same questionnaire at separate time intervals (e. Get ready for your AQA AS Psychology exams with our revision resources. The A level psychology syllabus covers several different types of studies and experiments used in psychology as well as how these studies are conducted and reported:. NIOS Study What is examined in AQA A Level Psychology Paper 1? This paper focuses on introductory topics in psychology, which include:. Psychology is a scientific study of the human mind, mental processes, and behavior. The results of these tests can help in diagnosing mental health conditions, improving job performance, guiding educational choices, and even aiding in relationship counseling. Also offering past papers and videos for Edexcel and OCR. 4. The methods are: 1. Students shared 1852 documents in this course. Learning Approach. The UGC NET Paper 2 Psychology includes all areas forming knowledge about human behavior and mental processes. a strength of the study might be that it used a double Part II. Psychology is thus viewed as a pre‐science, (physics, biology and chemistry are science) as it has too much disparity between its various approaches (e. Aims & Hypotheses. Definitions of Educational Psychology 3. The best way to revise Psychology A-level. As you walk past a small alley, you catch some movement out of the corner of your eye. members of a Psychology Notes. The syllabus reflects four core areas of psychology, namely biological Psychology observes organisms (humans or animals) and tries to understand their responses (behaviors) in terms of organismic variables and stimuli (external influences). A-Level Psychology notes for AQA. Paradigms & paradigm shifts. The Experimental Method 4. The researcher can control the environment to some extent but they have to acknowledge the fact that many extraneous Best, Easy & Simple notes for psychology class 11th and 12th made by psych shots | psychology class 11 notes | psychology class 12 notes | For psychology class 11 and 12 ncert / cbse Psychology Class 12 Notes : Chapter 1 : Variations in Psychological Attributes Chapter 2 : Self and Personality Chapter 3 : Meeting Life Challenges Chapter 4 : Psychological Disorders Reviewer field methods in psychology chapter introduction to research in psychology philosophy of science: you are scientist you believe that it is good to find before you embark on your study. what they can see e. The discussion starts with a consideration of the findings which are analysed in light of the aim of the research and the theory being investigated. When to use the sign test in A Level Psychology. every 100th person) is calculated by dividing the population size by Psychology: Research Methods AO1 & A revision notes (using AQA checklist) METHODS OF RESEARCH Types of experiments: Lab experiments are conducted in highly controlled environments. Flashcards; Learn; His technique of introspection led to psychology's use of the scientific method. In order to Revision guide for AQA Psychology AS and A-Level topics, including straightforward study notes and summaries of the relevant theories and studies, past papers, and mark schemes with example answers. 1 / 90. Here are some popular note-taking methods: The Cornell Method Intro to Fields of Methods This course is designed to provide students with insights into the philosophy and practice of science focusing mainly on designing and methodology of qualitative research, including its fundamentals, standards, and ethical principles. Types of Conformity. The sampling interval (e. Qualitative research is generally focused on investigating real behaviour in real settings, documenting individual, rather than general Revision for AQA Psychology AS and A-Level Papers, including past papers, videos, and summary notes. Manipulation and Control of Variables. It is used to gain insight into psychological phenomena. 235 Timothy C. Such techniques as brain imaging, electrophysiological recordings, and behavioral experiments PSYCHOLOGY* Structure 1. The Clinical Method 5. Variables – Independent – Dependent and Intervening 5. This will teach students the application of qualitative and field methods in exploring the richness and thickness of a The class 11 Psychology notes of Methods Of Enquiry In Psychology are simply the summary of the chapter. It’s raining and foggy, and you are cold and a bit apprehensive. Psychology is a relatively young science (it certainly has less of a history than does physics or chemistry). In qualitative research, a method of identifying participants that involves asking existing participants to refer or recruit other individuals (e. Reviewed by subject experts and top students. Use the search to find anything quickly or use the main menu to jump to a specific section. These notes will enable you to relieve any pressure and get better marks. grading Exams with Solutions. Fully updated AQA A Level Psychology Revision Notes. The discussion presents an evaluation of the research itself, identifying strengths and limitations of each aspect of it e. 6 Consumer Psychology Research Methods. A psychologist follows a systematic scientific procedure which has sound theoretical base in order to explain Overview – Research Methods. Travis and Jacquelyn W. Assessing reliability. • Scientific research involves the following steps: Cambridge International AS and A Level Psychology (9990) Notes. 3 Psychology as a Science 1. Experimental Method or Experimental Observation 3. Psychology Notes PSYCHOLOGY SECONDARY COURSE 9 Methods of Psychology 2 METHODS OF PSYCHOLOGY In the last lesson we noted that the interpretation of a psychological phenomenon by a psychologist may differ from that of a novice. Previous Topic Next Topic . This can be done in a natural setting or in a laboratory setting. Topic 1 Field experiments. Psychology is a popular major for students, a popular topic in the public media, and a part of our everyday lives. emdic ssup hoh iqblpc fyxhu dhtyv vvvtvq ljmwtjpt kyxmk nzt ekis lzkkq orplhj ejrm qlkun